Yes, most pools need stabilizer (cyanuric acid) to protect chlorine from UV degradation. Target 30-50 ppm for regular pools or 70-80 ppm for saltwater systems.
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Yes, most pools need stabilizer (cyanuric acid or CYA) to protect chlorine from breaking down in sunlight. Without stabilizer, you'll waste enormous amounts of chlorine and struggle to maintain proper sanitization. Target levels are 30-50 ppm for regular chlorine pools and 70-80 ppm for saltwater generator systems.
Pool stabilizer, also called cyanuric acid (CYA), acts like sunscreen for your chlorine. Ultraviolet rays from the sun rapidly break down free chlorine - within hours on a sunny day. CYA forms a protective bond with chlorine molecules, dramatically slowing this UV degradation while still allowing chlorine to sanitize your water.
Without stabilizer, you might add chlorine in the morning only to find it completely gone by afternoon. This creates a dangerous situation where bacteria and algae can multiply rapidly, turning your pool green and potentially unsafe for swimming.
For pools using liquid chlorine, bleach, or cal-hypo shock, maintain CYA between 30-50 ppm. This range provides excellent UV protection while keeping chlorine demand manageable. Many pool professionals prefer 40 ppm as the sweet spot.
Salt water chlorine generators work more efficiently at higher CYA levels. Target 70-80 ppm for optimal performance. The higher stabilizer level helps the generated chlorine last longer, reducing the workload on your salt cell and extending its lifespan.
Indoor pools with no direct sunlight exposure don't technically need stabilizer, since there's no UV light to break down chlorine. However, small amounts (10-30 ppm) won't hurt and provide insurance against occasional sunlight exposure.
Use a Taylor K-2006 test kit for the most accurate CYA readings. The turbidity test involves adding reagent to a water sample until it becomes cloudy enough that you can't see a black dot at the bottom of the test tube. Pool test strips are notoriously inaccurate for CYA testing.
Test stabilizer levels monthly during swimming season, and always test before adding more stabilizer. CYA builds up over time and doesn't break down naturally.
When CYA levels are below target, add granular cyanuric acid at a rate of approximately 1 pound per 3,000 gallons to raise levels by 30 ppm. Always check your product label for specific dosing instructions.
Important: Add stabilizer slowly and carefully. Dissolve granules in warm water before adding to prevent cloudy water and ensure even distribution.
Higher stabilizer levels require higher free chlorine (FC) levels for effective sanitization. This is the most important concept in pool chemistry that many pool owners miss.
Use the FC/CYA chart to determine your minimum free chlorine target:
These are minimum levels for basic sanitization. For shock treatments or SLAM (Shock Level And Maintain) procedures, multiply your CYA level by 0.5. For example, with 40 ppm CYA, shock level would be 20 ppm FC.
Levels above 100 ppm create "chlorine lock," where even high chlorine levels can't effectively sanitize. Trichlor tablets and dichlor shock are major culprits, as they contain both chlorine and CYA.
Solution: Partially drain and refill your pool. There's no practical way to lower CYA chemically. Plan to replace 1/3 of your water to reduce CYA by roughly 1/3.
Levels below 20 ppm leave chlorine vulnerable to UV breakdown. You'll burn through chlorine rapidly and struggle with algae growth on sunny days.
Solution: Add granular cyanuric acid gradually. Retest 24-48 hours after each addition, as CYA takes time to fully dissolve and register on tests.
CYA levels naturally increase throughout the swimming season if you use stabilized chlorine products (trichlor tablets, dichlor). Monitor levels monthly and switch to liquid chlorine when CYA reaches your target range.
For winterization in freezing climates, CYA levels don't need adjustment. The stabilizer will remain in solution and be ready when you reopen. However, if you drain significant water for winter, you'll need to retest and adjust CYA levels in spring.
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