Pool vacuums work by creating suction or using pressure to remove debris from pool surfaces. There are three main types: suction-side, pressure-side, and robotic vacuums, each with different mechanisms and troubleshooting needs.
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First, let's diagnose what type of pool vacuum you have and identify any performance issues. Understanding how your specific vacuum works is crucial for proper maintenance and troubleshooting. Pool vacuums operate on three different principles, and each has unique operational characteristics and common failure points.
Suction-side vacuums are the most common type and connect directly to your pool's skimmer or dedicated suction line. These vacuums rely on your pool pump to create the suction power needed for cleaning.
The vacuum head connects to a series of hoses that lead back to your skimmer. When your pool pump runs, it creates negative pressure that pulls water and debris through the vacuum head, up through the hoses, and into your pool's filtration system. Popular models include the Zodiac Baracuda and Pentair Kreepy Krauly.
Check all hose connections for air leaks by submerging connections underwater while the system runs - bubbles indicate leaks. Ensure your skimmer basket and pump basket are clean, as clogs reduce suction significantly. Verify proper hose length by measuring from the vacuum head to the farthest point in your pool and adding one hose section.
Pressure-side vacuums use pressurized water from your pool's return lines or a dedicated booster pump to create movement and suction. These systems are more complex but often more effective on larger debris.
Water flows into the vacuum through a feed hose, powering internal mechanisms that create movement and suction. The pressurized water spins wheels or tracks for mobility while simultaneously creating a venturi effect for debris collection. Models like the Polaris 280 and 380 are industry standards.
Measure water pressure at the vacuum using a pressure gauge - most models require 28-32 PSI. Clean all jets and internal screens monthly, as calcium buildup reduces performance. Replace worn wheels and tracks annually, as these directly affect movement patterns and cleaning coverage.
Robotic vacuums are self-contained units with their own motors, filtration systems, and programming. These sophisticated machines operate independently from your pool's circulation system.
Internal motors power both movement and suction, while onboard computers control cleaning patterns and timing. Built-in filtration captures debris in removable cartridges or bags. Advanced models like the Dolphin Nautilus and Hayward TigerShark include scrubbing brushes and wall-climbing capabilities.
Test the power supply with a multimeter to ensure proper voltage output. Clean filter cartridges after each use and replace them every 6-8 weeks during heavy use periods. Inspect and clean all sensors monthly, as debris buildup interferes with navigation programming.
Regardless of vacuum type, certain issues affect all pool cleaning systems. Always turn off power before performing any maintenance on robotic units.
Maintain proper water chemistry to prevent equipment damage. Keep pH between 7.4-7.6 and total alkalinity at 80-120 ppm for optimal performance. High calcium hardness above 400 ppm causes scale buildup in vacuum components, while low pH below 7.2 corrodes metal parts.
Clean debris bags or cartridges after each use to maintain suction power. Inspect hoses monthly for cracks, paying special attention to connection points where stress concentrates. Store suction and pressure-side vacuums with hoses drained and coiled loosely to prevent permanent kinking.
Contact a pool technician if you experience recurring issues after following these troubleshooting steps, notice unusual noises from robotic units, or detect equipment overheating. Internal motor repairs and circuit board replacements require specialized tools and expertise.
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