Variable speed pumps typically run all the time but at different speeds throughout the day, using low speeds for filtration and higher speeds for cleaning. This provides better energy efficiency than single-speed pumps that turn on and off.
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Variable speed pool pumps typically run continuously throughout the day, but at different speeds depending on your pool's needs. Unlike single-speed pumps that run at full power when on, variable speed pumps can operate at low speeds for basic filtration (which uses minimal energy) and ramp up to higher speeds only when needed for cleaning, heating, or other functions.
Variable speed pumps are designed to run more efficiently by adjusting their speed based on your pool's current requirements. The key advantage is that they can maintain continuous water circulation at very low energy consumption levels, then increase speed only when necessary.
Most variable speed pumps follow a programmed schedule that might look like this:
This continuous operation at varying speeds often uses less total energy than a single-speed pump running 8-12 hours at full power.
Warning: Always turn off power at the circuit breaker before accessing pump controls or programming. Consult a qualified electrician if you're unsure about electrical connections.
Your pool water should typically complete one full turnover every 6-8 hours during peak season, though you should consult your equipment manual for specific requirements. With a variable speed pump, you can achieve this turnover by running at low speeds for extended periods rather than high speeds for shorter durations.
To calculate your minimum flow requirements, you'll need to know your pool volume and desired turnover rate. For example, a 20,000-gallon pool needing an 8-hour turnover would require approximately 42 gallons per minute of flow (consult your pump manual for exact flow rate calculations).
Most variable speed pumps allow you to program multiple daily schedules:
The reason variable speed pumps often run continuously is based on pump affinity laws - specifically that energy consumption increases exponentially with speed. Running at half speed typically uses approximately one-eighth the energy according to pump affinity laws, though actual performance should be verified with your specific pump manual, even though it moves half the water.
A typical scenario might show:
This significant energy reduction is why many pool owners see significant reductions in pump-related electricity costs.
During cooler months or when pools aren't in active use, you can reduce runtime by:
Some situations require the pump to cycle on and off:
When programming your variable speed pump schedule, consider:
Start with manufacturer recommendations, then adjust based on your pool's performance. Signs you may need longer or faster operation include:
Conversely, if your water stays crystal clear, you might reduce runtime or speeds to save additional energy.
If your variable speed pump is turning on and off unexpectedly:
If running continuously at low speeds isn't providing adequate filtration:
Remember that variable speed technology allows you to fine-tune your pool's circulation system for optimal efficiency while maintaining water quality. The goal is continuous, gentle circulation supplemented by higher speeds when needed, rather than the all-or-nothing approach of traditional single-speed pumps.
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